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ALEXANDER CALDER (1898-1976)

 
Alexander Calder executed a surprising number of oil paintings during the second half of the 1940s and early 1950s. By this time, the shock of his 1930 visit to Mondrian’s studio, where he was impressed not by the paintings but by the environment, had developed into an artistic language of Calder’s own. So, as Calder was painting The Cross in 1948, he was already on the cusp of international recognition and on his way to winning the XX VI Venice Biennale’s grand prize for sculpture in 1952. Working on his paintings in concert with his sculptural practice, Calder approached both mediums with the same formal language and mastery of shape and color.<br><br>Calder was deeply intrigued by the unseen forces that keep objects in motion. Taking this interest from sculpture to canvas, we see that Calder built a sense of torque within The Cross by shifting its planes and balance. Using these elements, he created implied motion suggesting that the figure is pressing forward or even descending from the skies above. The Cross’s determined momentum is further amplified by details such as the subject’s emphatically outstretched arms, the fist-like curlicue vector on the left, and the silhouetted serpentine figure.<br><br>Calder also adopts a strong thread of poetic abandon throughout The Cross’s surface. It resonates with his good friend Miró’s hieratic and distinctly personal visual language, but it is all Calder in the effective animation of this painting’s various elements. No artist has earned more poetic license than Calder, and throughout his career, the artist remained convivially flexible in his understanding of form and composition. He even welcomed the myriad interpretations of others, writing in 1951, “That others grasp what I have in mind seems unessential, at least as long as they have something else in theirs.”<br><br>Either way, it is important to remember that The Cross was painted shortly after the upheaval of the Second World War and to some appears to be a sobering reflection of the time. Most of all, The Cross proves that Alexander Calder loaded his brush first to work out ideas about form, structure, relationships in space, and most importantly, movement. Alexander Calder executed a surprising number of oil paintings during the second half of the 1940s and early 1950s. By this time, the shock of his 1930 visit to Mondrian’s studio, where he was impressed not by the paintings but by the environment, had developed into an artistic language of Calder’s own. So, as Calder was painting The Cross in 1948, he was already on the cusp of international recognition and on his way to winning the XX VI Venice Biennale’s grand prize for sculpture in 1952. Working on his paintings in concert with his sculptural practice, Calder approached both mediums with the same formal language and mastery of shape and color.<br><br>Calder was deeply intrigued by the unseen forces that keep objects in motion. Taking this interest from sculpture to canvas, we see that Calder built a sense of torque within The Cross by shifting its planes and balance. Using these elements, he created implied motion suggesting that the figure is pressing forward or even descending from the skies above. The Cross’s determined momentum is further amplified by details such as the subject’s emphatically outstretched arms, the fist-like curlicue vector on the left, and the silhouetted serpentine figure.<br><br>Calder also adopts a strong thread of poetic abandon throughout The Cross’s surface. It resonates with his good friend Miró’s hieratic and distinctly personal visual language, but it is all Calder in the effective animation of this painting’s various elements. No artist has earned more poetic license than Calder, and throughout his career, the artist remained convivially flexible in his understanding of form and composition. He even welcomed the myriad interpretations of others, writing in 1951, “That others grasp what I have in mind seems unessential, at least as long as they have something else in theirs.”<br><br>Either way, it is important to remember that The Cross was painted shortly after the upheaval of the Second World War and to some appears to be a sobering reflection of the time. Most of all, The Cross proves that Alexander Calder loaded his brush first to work out ideas about form, structure, relationships in space, and most importantly, movement. Alexander Calder executed a surprising number of oil paintings during the second half of the 1940s and early 1950s. By this time, the shock of his 1930 visit to Mondrian’s studio, where he was impressed not by the paintings but by the environment, had developed into an artistic language of Calder’s own. So, as Calder was painting The Cross in 1948, he was already on the cusp of international recognition and on his way to winning the XX VI Venice Biennale’s grand prize for sculpture in 1952. Working on his paintings in concert with his sculptural practice, Calder approached both mediums with the same formal language and mastery of shape and color.<br><br>Calder was deeply intrigued by the unseen forces that keep objects in motion. Taking this interest from sculpture to canvas, we see that Calder built a sense of torque within The Cross by shifting its planes and balance. Using these elements, he created implied motion suggesting that the figure is pressing forward or even descending from the skies above. The Cross’s determined momentum is further amplified by details such as the subject’s emphatically outstretched arms, the fist-like curlicue vector on the left, and the silhouetted serpentine figure.<br><br>Calder also adopts a strong thread of poetic abandon throughout The Cross’s surface. It resonates with his good friend Miró’s hieratic and distinctly personal visual language, but it is all Calder in the effective animation of this painting’s various elements. No artist has earned more poetic license than Calder, and throughout his career, the artist remained convivially flexible in his understanding of form and composition. He even welcomed the myriad interpretations of others, writing in 1951, “That others grasp what I have in mind seems unessential, at least as long as they have something else in theirs.”<br><br>Either way, it is important to remember that The Cross was painted shortly after the upheaval of the Second World War and to some appears to be a sobering reflection of the time. Most of all, The Cross proves that Alexander Calder loaded his brush first to work out ideas about form, structure, relationships in space, and most importantly, movement. Alexander Calder executed a surprising number of oil paintings during the second half of the 1940s and early 1950s. By this time, the shock of his 1930 visit to Mondrian’s studio, where he was impressed not by the paintings but by the environment, had developed into an artistic language of Calder’s own. So, as Calder was painting The Cross in 1948, he was already on the cusp of international recognition and on his way to winning the XX VI Venice Biennale’s grand prize for sculpture in 1952. Working on his paintings in concert with his sculptural practice, Calder approached both mediums with the same formal language and mastery of shape and color.<br><br>Calder was deeply intrigued by the unseen forces that keep objects in motion. Taking this interest from sculpture to canvas, we see that Calder built a sense of torque within The Cross by shifting its planes and balance. Using these elements, he created implied motion suggesting that the figure is pressing forward or even descending from the skies above. The Cross’s determined momentum is further amplified by details such as the subject’s emphatically outstretched arms, the fist-like curlicue vector on the left, and the silhouetted serpentine figure.<br><br>Calder also adopts a strong thread of poetic abandon throughout The Cross’s surface. It resonates with his good friend Miró’s hieratic and distinctly personal visual language, but it is all Calder in the effective animation of this painting’s various elements. No artist has earned more poetic license than Calder, and throughout his career, the artist remained convivially flexible in his understanding of form and composition. He even welcomed the myriad interpretations of others, writing in 1951, “That others grasp what I have in mind seems unessential, at least as long as they have something else in theirs.”<br><br>Either way, it is important to remember that The Cross was painted shortly after the upheaval of the Second World War and to some appears to be a sobering reflection of the time. Most of all, The Cross proves that Alexander Calder loaded his brush first to work out ideas about form, structure, relationships in space, and most importantly, movement. Alexander Calder executed a surprising number of oil paintings during the second half of the 1940s and early 1950s. By this time, the shock of his 1930 visit to Mondrian’s studio, where he was impressed not by the paintings but by the environment, had developed into an artistic language of Calder’s own. So, as Calder was painting The Cross in 1948, he was already on the cusp of international recognition and on his way to winning the XX VI Venice Biennale’s grand prize for sculpture in 1952. Working on his paintings in concert with his sculptural practice, Calder approached both mediums with the same formal language and mastery of shape and color.<br><br>Calder was deeply intrigued by the unseen forces that keep objects in motion. Taking this interest from sculpture to canvas, we see that Calder built a sense of torque within The Cross by shifting its planes and balance. Using these elements, he created implied motion suggesting that the figure is pressing forward or even descending from the skies above. The Cross’s determined momentum is further amplified by details such as the subject’s emphatically outstretched arms, the fist-like curlicue vector on the left, and the silhouetted serpentine figure.<br><br>Calder also adopts a strong thread of poetic abandon throughout The Cross’s surface. It resonates with his good friend Miró’s hieratic and distinctly personal visual language, but it is all Calder in the effective animation of this painting’s various elements. No artist has earned more poetic license than Calder, and throughout his career, the artist remained convivially flexible in his understanding of form and composition. He even welcomed the myriad interpretations of others, writing in 1951, “That others grasp what I have in mind seems unessential, at least as long as they have something else in theirs.”<br><br>Either way, it is important to remember that The Cross was painted shortly after the upheaval of the Second World War and to some appears to be a sobering reflection of the time. Most of all, The Cross proves that Alexander Calder loaded his brush first to work out ideas about form, structure, relationships in space, and most importantly, movement. Alexander Calder executed a surprising number of oil paintings during the second half of the 1940s and early 1950s. By this time, the shock of his 1930 visit to Mondrian’s studio, where he was impressed not by the paintings but by the environment, had developed into an artistic language of Calder’s own. So, as Calder was painting The Cross in 1948, he was already on the cusp of international recognition and on his way to winning the XX VI Venice Biennale’s grand prize for sculpture in 1952. Working on his paintings in concert with his sculptural practice, Calder approached both mediums with the same formal language and mastery of shape and color.<br><br>Calder was deeply intrigued by the unseen forces that keep objects in motion. Taking this interest from sculpture to canvas, we see that Calder built a sense of torque within The Cross by shifting its planes and balance. Using these elements, he created implied motion suggesting that the figure is pressing forward or even descending from the skies above. The Cross’s determined momentum is further amplified by details such as the subject’s emphatically outstretched arms, the fist-like curlicue vector on the left, and the silhouetted serpentine figure.<br><br>Calder also adopts a strong thread of poetic abandon throughout The Cross’s surface. It resonates with his good friend Miró’s hieratic and distinctly personal visual language, but it is all Calder in the effective animation of this painting’s various elements. No artist has earned more poetic license than Calder, and throughout his career, the artist remained convivially flexible in his understanding of form and composition. He even welcomed the myriad interpretations of others, writing in 1951, “That others grasp what I have in mind seems unessential, at least as long as they have something else in theirs.”<br><br>Either way, it is important to remember that The Cross was painted shortly after the upheaval of the Second World War and to some appears to be a sobering reflection of the time. Most of all, The Cross proves that Alexander Calder loaded his brush first to work out ideas about form, structure, relationships in space, and most importantly, movement. Alexander Calder executed a surprising number of oil paintings during the second half of the 1940s and early 1950s. By this time, the shock of his 1930 visit to Mondrian’s studio, where he was impressed not by the paintings but by the environment, had developed into an artistic language of Calder’s own. So, as Calder was painting The Cross in 1948, he was already on the cusp of international recognition and on his way to winning the XX VI Venice Biennale’s grand prize for sculpture in 1952. Working on his paintings in concert with his sculptural practice, Calder approached both mediums with the same formal language and mastery of shape and color.<br><br>Calder was deeply intrigued by the unseen forces that keep objects in motion. Taking this interest from sculpture to canvas, we see that Calder built a sense of torque within The Cross by shifting its planes and balance. Using these elements, he created implied motion suggesting that the figure is pressing forward or even descending from the skies above. The Cross’s determined momentum is further amplified by details such as the subject’s emphatically outstretched arms, the fist-like curlicue vector on the left, and the silhouetted serpentine figure.<br><br>Calder also adopts a strong thread of poetic abandon throughout The Cross’s surface. It resonates with his good friend Miró’s hieratic and distinctly personal visual language, but it is all Calder in the effective animation of this painting’s various elements. No artist has earned more poetic license than Calder, and throughout his career, the artist remained convivially flexible in his understanding of form and composition. He even welcomed the myriad interpretations of others, writing in 1951, “That others grasp what I have in mind seems unessential, at least as long as they have something else in theirs.”<br><br>Either way, it is important to remember that The Cross was painted shortly after the upheaval of the Second World War and to some appears to be a sobering reflection of the time. Most of all, The Cross proves that Alexander Calder loaded his brush first to work out ideas about form, structure, relationships in space, and most importantly, movement. Alexander Calder executed a surprising number of oil paintings during the second half of the 1940s and early 1950s. By this time, the shock of his 1930 visit to Mondrian’s studio, where he was impressed not by the paintings but by the environment, had developed into an artistic language of Calder’s own. So, as Calder was painting The Cross in 1948, he was already on the cusp of international recognition and on his way to winning the XX VI Venice Biennale’s grand prize for sculpture in 1952. Working on his paintings in concert with his sculptural practice, Calder approached both mediums with the same formal language and mastery of shape and color.<br><br>Calder was deeply intrigued by the unseen forces that keep objects in motion. Taking this interest from sculpture to canvas, we see that Calder built a sense of torque within The Cross by shifting its planes and balance. Using these elements, he created implied motion suggesting that the figure is pressing forward or even descending from the skies above. The Cross’s determined momentum is further amplified by details such as the subject’s emphatically outstretched arms, the fist-like curlicue vector on the left, and the silhouetted serpentine figure.<br><br>Calder also adopts a strong thread of poetic abandon throughout The Cross’s surface. It resonates with his good friend Miró’s hieratic and distinctly personal visual language, but it is all Calder in the effective animation of this painting’s various elements. No artist has earned more poetic license than Calder, and throughout his career, the artist remained convivially flexible in his understanding of form and composition. He even welcomed the myriad interpretations of others, writing in 1951, “That others grasp what I have in mind seems unessential, at least as long as they have something else in theirs.”<br><br>Either way, it is important to remember that The Cross was painted shortly after the upheaval of the Second World War and to some appears to be a sobering reflection of the time. Most of all, The Cross proves that Alexander Calder loaded his brush first to work out ideas about form, structure, relationships in space, and most importantly, movement. Alexander Calder executed a surprising number of oil paintings during the second half of the 1940s and early 1950s. By this time, the shock of his 1930 visit to Mondrian’s studio, where he was impressed not by the paintings but by the environment, had developed into an artistic language of Calder’s own. So, as Calder was painting The Cross in 1948, he was already on the cusp of international recognition and on his way to winning the XX VI Venice Biennale’s grand prize for sculpture in 1952. Working on his paintings in concert with his sculptural practice, Calder approached both mediums with the same formal language and mastery of shape and color.<br><br>Calder was deeply intrigued by the unseen forces that keep objects in motion. Taking this interest from sculpture to canvas, we see that Calder built a sense of torque within The Cross by shifting its planes and balance. Using these elements, he created implied motion suggesting that the figure is pressing forward or even descending from the skies above. The Cross’s determined momentum is further amplified by details such as the subject’s emphatically outstretched arms, the fist-like curlicue vector on the left, and the silhouetted serpentine figure.<br><br>Calder also adopts a strong thread of poetic abandon throughout The Cross’s surface. It resonates with his good friend Miró’s hieratic and distinctly personal visual language, but it is all Calder in the effective animation of this painting’s various elements. No artist has earned more poetic license than Calder, and throughout his career, the artist remained convivially flexible in his understanding of form and composition. He even welcomed the myriad interpretations of others, writing in 1951, “That others grasp what I have in mind seems unessential, at least as long as they have something else in theirs.”<br><br>Either way, it is important to remember that The Cross was painted shortly after the upheaval of the Second World War and to some appears to be a sobering reflection of the time. Most of all, The Cross proves that Alexander Calder loaded his brush first to work out ideas about form, structure, relationships in space, and most importantly, movement. Alexander Calder executed a surprising number of oil paintings during the second half of the 1940s and early 1950s. By this time, the shock of his 1930 visit to Mondrian’s studio, where he was impressed not by the paintings but by the environment, had developed into an artistic language of Calder’s own. So, as Calder was painting The Cross in 1948, he was already on the cusp of international recognition and on his way to winning the XX VI Venice Biennale’s grand prize for sculpture in 1952. Working on his paintings in concert with his sculptural practice, Calder approached both mediums with the same formal language and mastery of shape and color.<br><br>Calder was deeply intrigued by the unseen forces that keep objects in motion. Taking this interest from sculpture to canvas, we see that Calder built a sense of torque within The Cross by shifting its planes and balance. Using these elements, he created implied motion suggesting that the figure is pressing forward or even descending from the skies above. The Cross’s determined momentum is further amplified by details such as the subject’s emphatically outstretched arms, the fist-like curlicue vector on the left, and the silhouetted serpentine figure.<br><br>Calder also adopts a strong thread of poetic abandon throughout The Cross’s surface. It resonates with his good friend Miró’s hieratic and distinctly personal visual language, but it is all Calder in the effective animation of this painting’s various elements. No artist has earned more poetic license than Calder, and throughout his career, the artist remained convivially flexible in his understanding of form and composition. He even welcomed the myriad interpretations of others, writing in 1951, “That others grasp what I have in mind seems unessential, at least as long as they have something else in theirs.”<br><br>Either way, it is important to remember that The Cross was painted shortly after the upheaval of the Second World War and to some appears to be a sobering reflection of the time. Most of all, The Cross proves that Alexander Calder loaded his brush first to work out ideas about form, structure, relationships in space, and most importantly, movement.
Das Kreuz194828 3/4 x 36 1/4 Zoll.(73,03 x 92,08 cm) Öl auf Leinwand
Provenienz
Perls Galerie, New York
Privatsammlung, erworben von den oben Genannten
Ausstellung
Crane Gallery, London, Calder: Öle, Gouachen, Mobiles und Wandteppiche, 5. März-1. Mai 1992
Fragen Sie

"Für mich ist das Wichtigste in der Komposition die Ungleichheit". - Alexander Calder

Geschichte

Alexander Calder schuf in der zweiten Hälfte der 1940er und zu Beginn der 1950er Jahre eine überraschende Anzahl von Ölgemälden. Zu dieser Zeit hatte sich der Schock seines Besuchs in Mondrians Atelier im Jahr 1930, bei dem er nicht von den Bildern, sondern von der Umgebung beeindruckt war, zu einer eigenen künstlerischen Sprache Calders entwickelt. Als Calder 1948 Das Kreuz malte, stand er bereits an der Schwelle zur internationalen Anerkennung und war auf dem Weg, 1952 den Großen Preis für Skulptur der XX VI. Biennale von Venedig zu gewinnen. Calder arbeitete an seinen Gemälden in Übereinstimmung mit seiner bildhauerischen Praxis und näherte sich beiden Medien mit der gleichen Formensprache und Beherrschung von Form und Farbe.

Calder war von den unsichtbaren Kräften, die Objekte in Bewegung halten, zutiefst fasziniert. Indem er dieses Interesse von der Bildhauerei auf die Leinwand übertrug, erzeugte Calder ein Gefühl des Drehmoments in The Cross, indem er die Ebenen und das Gleichgewicht verschob. Mit diesen Elementen erzeugte er eine angedeutete Bewegung, die den Eindruck erweckt, dass die Figur vorwärts drängt oder sogar vom Himmel herabsteigt. Die entschlossene Eigendynamik des Kreuzeswird durch Details wie die nachdrücklich ausgestreckten Arme des Dargestellten, den faustartig geschwungenen Vektor auf der linken Seite und die silhouettierte, schlangenförmige Figur noch verstärkt.

Calder nimmt auch einen starken Faden poetischer Unbekümmertheit durch die Oberfläche von The Crossauf. Es erinnert an die hieratische und ausgesprochen persönliche Bildsprache seines guten Freundes Miró, aber in der effektiven Animation der verschiedenen Elemente dieses Gemäldes ist es ganz Calder. Kein Künstler hat sich mehr poetische Freiheiten erlaubt als Calder, und während seiner gesamten Karriere blieb der Künstler in seinem Verständnis von Form und Komposition flexibel. Er begrüßte sogar die unzähligen Interpretationen anderer und schrieb 1951: "Dass andere begreifen, was ich im Sinn habe, scheint unwesentlich zu sein, zumindest so lange sie etwas anderes im Sinn haben."

In jedem Fall ist es wichtig, sich daran zu erinnern, dass Das Kreuz kurz nach den Wirren des Zweiten Weltkriegs gemalt wurde und für manche eine ernüchternde Reflexion der Zeit zu sein scheint. Vor allem aber beweist das Kreuz, dass Alexander Calder zuerst den Pinsel in die Hand nahm, um Ideen über Form, Struktur, Beziehungen im Raum und vor allem über Bewegung zu entwickeln.

  • Gipsskulpturen, Atelier in Roxbury, um 1948

    Gipsskulpturen, Atelier in Roxbury, um 1948

    Calder-Stiftung, New York
  • Calder mit Jackson Pollock, East Hampton, um 1948

    Fotografie von Herbert Matter © Calder Foundation, New York
  • Calder, "Das große Ohr", 1943

    Calder, "Das große Ohr", 1943

    Installiert vor dem amerikanischen Pavillon auf der sechsundzwanzigsten Biennale von Venedig, 1952
"Der Sinn für Bewegung in der Malerei und der Bildhauerei wird seit langem als eines der wichtigsten Elemente der Komposition betrachtet." - Alexander Calder

MARKTEINBLICKE

  • Die Grafik von Art Market Research mit Sitz in London zeigt, dass der Wert der Kunstwerke von Calder seit Januar 1976 um 3474,3 % gestiegen ist, was einer durchschnittlichen jährlichen Wachstumsrate von 7,6 entspricht. 
  • Obwohl Calder ein produktiver Künstler war, gehören Ölgemälde wie Das Kreuz zu den seltensten Werken des Künstlers.

Vergleichbare Gemälde bei einer Auktion verkauft

Öl auf Leinwand, 48 x 45 cm. Verkauft bei Sotheby's New York: 11. November 2014.© 2023 Calder Foundation, New York / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York

"Personnage" (1946) wurde für 1.865.000 USD verkauft.

Öl auf Leinwand, 48 x 45 cm. Verkauft bei Sotheby's New York: 11. November 2014. © 2023 Calder Foundation, New York / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York
  • Zwei Jahre vor "Das Kreuz" gemalt
  • Ähnliche Farben, aber die Abstraktion in "The Cross" ist besser nachvollziehbar
  • Dieses Gemälde, das 2014 versteigert wurde, wäre heute weit über 3 Millionen Dollar wert.
Öl auf Leinwand, 48 x 60 in. Verkauft bei Sotheby's New York: 14. November 2018.© 2023 Calder Foundation, New York / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York

"Fond rouge" (1949) wurde für 1.815.000 USD verkauft.

Öl auf Leinwand, 48 x 60 cm. Verkauft bei Sotheby's New York: 14. November 2018. © 2023 Calder Foundation, New York / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York
  • Nur ein Jahr nach The Cross gemalt
  • Eine schöne Abstraktion, aber kompositorisch nicht so spannend wie The Cross
  • Der Hintergrund ist hier nur einfarbig, während das Kreuz mehrere Farbtöne in seinem Hintergrund ausgleicht

Ähnliche Gemälde in Museumssammlungen

Kunstgalerie der Universität Yale

Surveyor's Instruments (1955), Öl auf Leinwand, 24 x 18 Zoll. © 2023 Calder Foundation, New York / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York

Museum für Moderne Kunst in San Francisco

Spirale und Propeller (1956), Öl auf Leinwand, 17 7/8 x 26 1/8 Zoll. © 2023 Calder Foundation, New York / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York

Museé National de la coopération franco-americaine, Blérancourt, Frankreich

Ohne Titel (1930), Öl auf Leinwand, 32 x 26 Zoll. © 2023 Calder Foundation, New York / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York
"Wenn man sich eine Sache vorstellen kann, sie in den Raum zaubern kann - dann kann man sie auch machen... Das Universum ist real, aber man kann es nicht sehen. Man muss es sich vorstellen. Wenn man es sich einmal vorgestellt hat, kann man es realistisch reproduzieren." - Alexander Calder

Bild-Galerie

Zusätzliche Ressourcen

National Gallery of Art Turmgalerie

Im East Building der National Gallery of Art befindet sich die weltweit größte Dauerausstellung mit Werken von Calder.

Calder rund um die Welt

Nutzen Sie die interaktive Karte der Calder Foundation, um die Welt durch Calders Kunst zu erkunden.

Werke von Calder

Sehen Sie Calder bei der Arbeit in diesem 1950 von New World Film Productions für das Museum of Modern Art produzierten Film.

Alexander Calder: Dissonante Harmonie

Sehen Sie sich die Ausstellung von Calders Werken im SFMOMA an, die bis Mai 2023 zu sehen ist.
© 2023 Calder Foundation, New York / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York

Fragen Sie

Anfordern - Kunst Einzel

Andere Werke von Alexander Calder

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