קטגוריות אמנים 

אמנים

קטגוריות

גרפיקה מוצגת

<br>In Diego Rivera’s portrait of Enriqueta Dávila, the artist asserts a Mexicanidad, a quality of Mexican-ness, in the work along with his strong feelings towards the sitter. Moreover, this painting is unique amongst his portraiture in its use of symbolism, giving us a strong if opaque picture of the relationship between artist and sitter.<br><br>Enriqueta, a descendent of the prominent Goldbaum family, was married to the theater entrepreneur, José María Dávila. The two were close friends with Rivera, and the artist initially requested to paint Enriqueta’s portrait. Enriqueta found the request unconventional and relented on the condition that Rivera paints her daughter, Enriqueta “Quetita”. Rivera captures the spirit of the mother through the use of duality in different sections of the painting, from the floorboards to her hands, and even the flowers. Why the split in the horizon of the floorboard? Why the prominent cross while Enriqueta’s family is Jewish? Even her pose is interesting, showcasing a woman in control of her own power, highlighted by her hand on her hip which Rivera referred to as a claw, further complicating our understanding of her stature.<br><br>This use of flowers, along with her “rebozo” or shawl, asserts a Mexican identity. Rivera was adept at including and centering flowers in his works which became a kind of signature device. The flowers show bromeliads and roselles; the former is epiphytic and the latter known as flor de jamaica and often used in hibiscus tea and aguas frescas. There is a tension then between these two flowers, emphasizing the complicated relationship between Enriqueta and Rivera. On the one hand, Rivera demonstrates both his and the sitter’s Mexican identity despite the foreign root of Enriqueta’s family but there may be more pointed meaning revealing Rivera’s feelings to the subject. The flowers, as they often do in still life paintings, may also refer to the fleeting nature of life and beauty. The portrait for her daughter shares some similarities from the use of shawl and flowers, but through simple changes in gestures and type and placement of flowers, Rivera illuminates a stronger personality in Enriqueta and a more dynamic relationship as filtered through his lens.<br><br>A closer examination of even her clothing reveals profound meaning. Instead of a dress more in line for a socialite, Rivera has Enriqueta in a regional dress from Jalisco, emphasizing both of their Mexican identities. On the other hand, her coral jewelry, repeated in the color of her shoes, hints at multiple meanings from foreignness and exoticism to protection and vitality. From Ancient Egypt to Classical Rome to today, coral has been used for jewelry and to have been believed to have properties both real and symbolic. Coral jewelry is seen in Renaissance paintings indicating the vitality and purity of woman or as a protective amulet for infants. It is also used as a reminder, when paired with the infant Jesus, of his future sacrifice. Diego’s use of coral recalls these Renaissance portraits, supported by the plain background of the painting and the ribbon indicating the maker and date similar to Old Master works.<br><br>When combined in the portrait of Enriqueta, we get a layered and tense building of symbolism. Rivera both emphasizes her Mexican identity but also her foreign roots. He symbolizes her beauty and vitality but look closely at half of her face and it is as if Rivera has painted his own features onto hers. The richness of symbolism hints at the complex relationship between artist and sitter.

דייגו ריברה

על פי הקטלוג שנערך על ידי מוזיאון ברנדיוויין ריבר לאמנות, השרטוט הראשוני של דייגי הבקלה הפוריטניים הושלם על ידי נ.צ. ויית' לפני מותו באוקטובר 1945. הערך מתעד תמונה של הסקיצה וכן כתובות של האמן וכותרתו, "דייגי בקלה פוריטנים", המאופיינים בקטלוג כ'חלופיים'. בכל מקרה, הבד בקנה מידה גדול הוא יצירה ייחודית שאנדרו ויית' נזכר מאוחר יותר שצוירה אך ורק בידו, שיתוף פעולה מתוחם של עיצובו וקומפוזיציה של האב שהובא לידי ביטוי על ידי הוצאה להורג יוצאת דופן של בן. עבור אנדרו, זו בוודאי הייתה חוויה רגשית ומורגשת עמוקה. בהתחשב בתשומת לבו של אביו לפרטים ולאותנטיות, קווי ספינת המפרש הקטנה מייצגים שאלוט, שהיה בשימוש במהלך המאה השש עשרה. מצד שני, סביר להניח שאנדרו העמיק את גווני הים חסר המנוחה יותר מאשר אביו, בחירה שמעצימה כראוי את האופי המסוכן של המשימה.

אנדרו ווית' ונ.C ווית'

N.C. Wyeth’s extraordinary skills as an illustrator were borne of impeccable draftsmanship and as a painter, his warmly rich, harmonious sense of color, and ability to capture the quality of light itself. But it is his unmatched artistry in vivifying story and character with a powerful sense of mood that we admire most of all — the ability to transport himself to the world and time of his creation and to convey it with a beguiling sense of conviction. That ability is as apparent in the compositional complexities of Treasure Island’s “One More Step, Mr. Hands!” as it is here, in the summary account of a square-rigged, seventeenth-century merchant ship tossed upon the seas. The Coming of the Mayflower in 1620 is a simple statement of observable facts, yet Wyeth’s impeccable genius as an illustrator imbues it with the bracing salt air and taste that captures the adventuresome spirit of the men and women who are largely credited with the founding of America. That spirit is carried on the wind and tautly billowed sails, the jaunty heeling of the ship at the nose of a stiff gale, the thrusting, streamed-limned clouds, and the gulls jauntily arranged to celebrate an arrival as they are the feathered angels of providence guiding it to safe harbor.<br><br>The Coming of the Mayflower in 1620 was based on two studies, a composition drawing in graphite and a small presentation painting. The finished mural appears to have been installed in 1941.

נ.C. וייט

וילם דה KOONING - אישה בסירת משוטים - שמן על נייר הניח על הבונים החופשיים - 47 1/2 x 36 1/4 ב.

וילם דה קונינג

Between Île-de-France and Burgundy and on the edge of the Fontainebleau Forest lies the medieval village of Moret-sur-Loing, established in the 12th century. When Alfred Sisley described its character to Monet in a letter dated 31 August 1881 as “a chocolate-box landscape…” he meant it as a memento of enticement; that its keep, the ramparts, the church, the fortified gates, and the ornate facades nestled along the river were, for a painter, a setting of unmatched charm. An ancient church, always the most striking townscape feature along the Seine Valley, would be a presence in Sisley’s townscape views as it was for Corot, and for Monet at Vétheuil. But unlike Monet whose thirty views of Rouen Cathedral were executed so he could trace the play of light and shadow across the cathedral façade and capture the ephemeral nature of moment-to-moment changes of light and atmosphere, Sisley set out to affirm the permanent nature of the church of Notre-Dame at Moret-sur-Loing. Monet’s sole concern was air and light, and Sisley’s appears to be an homage keepsake. The painting exudes respect for the original architects and builders of a structure so impregnable and resolute, it stood then as it did in those medieval times, and which for us, stands today, as it will, for time immemorial.<br><br>Nevertheless, Sisley strived to show the changing appearance of the motif through a series of atmospheric changes. He gave the works titles such as “In Sunshine”, “Under Frost”, and “In Rain” and exhibited them as a group at the Salon du Champ-de-Mars in 1894, factors that suggest he thought of them as serial interpretations. Nevertheless, unlike Monet’s work, l’église de Moret, le Soir reveals that Sisley chose to display the motif within a spatial context that accentuates its compositional attributes — the plunging perspective of the narrow street at left, the strong diagonal recession of the building lines as a counterbalance to the right, and the imposing weight of the stony building above the line of sight.

אלפרד סיסלי

Trained as a woodcarver, Emil Nolde was almost 30 years old before he made his first paintings. The early paintings resembled his drawings and woodcuts: grotesque figures with bold lines and strong contrasts. The style was new, and it inspired the nascent movement Die Brücke (The Bridge), whose members invited Nolde to join them in 1906. But, it was not until the garden became his locus operandi by 1915 that he built upon his mastery of contrasting luminosities to focus on color as the supreme means of expression. Later, Nolde claimed “color is strength, strength is life,” and he could not have better characterized why his flower paintings reinvigorate our perception of color.<br><br>Much of the strength of Nolde’s dramatic, Wagnerian-like color sensibilities is the effect of staging primary colors, such as the deep reds and golden yellows of Sonnenblumen, Abend II, against a somber palette. The contrast highlights and deepens the luminosity of the flowers, not just visually, but emotionally as well. In 1937, when Nolde’s art was rejected, confiscated, and defiled, his paintings were paraded as “degenerate art” throughout Nazi Germany in dimly lit galleries. Despite that treatment, Nolde’s status as a degenerate artist gave his art more breathing space because he seized the opportunity to produce more than 1,300 watercolors, which he called “unpainted pictures.” No novice in handling watercolor, his free-flowing style of painting had been a hallmark of his highly-charge, transparent washes since 1918. Sonnenblumen, Abend II, painted in 1944, is a rare wartime oil. He let his imagination run wild with this work, and his utilization of wet-on-wet techniques heightened the drama of each petal.<br><br>Nolde’s intense preoccupation with color and flowers, particularly sunflowers, reflects his continuing devotion to van Gogh. He was aware of van Gogh as early as 1899 and, during the 1920s and early 1930s, visited several exhibitions of the Dutch artist’s work. They shared a profound love of nature. Nolde’s dedication to expression and the symbolic use of color found fullness in the sunflower subject, and it became a personal symbol for him, as it did for Van Gogh.

אמיל נולדה

בתחילת שנות ה-70 של המאה ה-19 צייר וינסלו הומר לעתים קרובות סצנות של חיים כפריים ליד כפר חקלאי קטן שנודע במשך דורות בזכות דוכני החיטה המרשימים שלו, הממוקם בין נהר ההדסון לקטסקיל במדינת ניו יורק. כיום הארלי מפורסם הרבה יותר כהשראה לאחת מיצירותיו הגדולות ביותר של הומרוס, Snap the Whip שצויר בקיץ 1872. בין הציורים הרבים האחרים בהשראת האזור, נערה עומדת בשדה החיטה עשירה בסנטימנטים, אך לא סנטימנטלית מדי. הוא מתקשר ישירות למחקר משנת 1866 שצויר בצרפת בשם "בשדות החיטה", ומחקר נוסף שצויר שנה לאחר מכן לאחר שובו לאמריקה. אבל הומרוס היה ללא ספק גאה ביותר בזה. זהו דיוקן, חדר לימוד תלבושות, ציור ז'אנרי במסורת הגדולה של הציור הפסטורלי האירופי, וטור דה פורס מואר בדרמטיות, ספוג באור השעה הזוהר הדועך במהירות, מצופה בתווים פרחוניים ונגיעות קוצים של חיטה. בשנת 1874 שלח הומרוס ארבעה ציורים לתערוכה של האקדמיה הלאומית לעיצוב. אחד מהם נקרא "ילדה". יכול להיות שזה לא זה?

וינסלו הומר

Widely recognized as one of the most consequential artists of our time, Gerhard Richters career now rivals that of Picasso's in terms of productivity and genius. The multi-faceted subject matter, ranging from slightly out-of-focus photographic oil paintings to Kelly-esque grid paintings to his "squeegee" works, Richter never settles for repeating the same thought- but is constantly evolving his vision. Richter has been honored by significant retrospective exhibitions, including the pivotal 2002 show, "Gerhard Richter: Forty Years of Painting," at the Museum of Modern Art, New York. <br><br>"Abstraktes Bild 758-2" (1992) comes from a purely abstract period in Richter's work- where the message is conveyed using a truly physical painting style, where applied paint layers are distorted with a wooden "Squeegee" tool. Essentially, Richter is sculpting the layers of paint, revealing the underlayers and their unique color combinations; there is a degree of "art by chance". If the painting does not work, Richter will move on- a method pioneered by Jackson Pollock decades earlier. <br><br>Richter is included in prominent museums and collections worldwide, including the Tate, London, The Museum of Modern Art, New York, and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, among many others.

גרהרד ריכטר

עולמו של מארק שאגאל אינו יכול להיות מוכל או מוגבל על ידי התוויות שאנו מצמידים אליו. זהו עולם של דימויים ומשמעויות היוצרים שיח מיסטי להפליא משלהם. Les Mariés sous le baldaquin (החתן והכלה מתחת לחופה) החל עם כניסתו של האמן לשנתו ה-90, אדם שידע טרגדיה וסכסוכים, אך מעולם לא שכח את רגעי ההנאה של החיים. כאן, התענוגות החלומיים של חתונה כפרית רוסית עם סידורי המשתתפים השחוקים היטב מובאים אלינו בשנינות כה שמחה ותמימות עליזה, שאין התנגדות לקסמה. באמצעות תחליב בגוון זהוב המשלב שמן וגואש אטום על בסיס מים, החום, האושר והאופטימיות של הפוזיטיביזם הרגיל של שאגאל עטופים בזוהר זוהר המרמז על השפעתם של איקונות דתיות בעלות עלי זהב או ציורים מראשית הרנסנס שביקשו להקנות רושם של אור אלוהי או הארה רוחנית. שימוש בשילוב של שמן וגואש יכול להיות מאתגר. אבל כאן, ב-Les Mariés sous le baldaquin, שאגאל משתמש בו כדי להעניק לסצנה איכות אחרת, כמעט כאילו זה עתה התממשה מתוך עינו. עדינותו הטקסטואלית יוצרת את הרושם שהאור נובע מהיצירה עצמה ומעניקה איכות ספקטרלית לדמויות המרחפות בשמיים.

מארק שאגאל

Tom Wesselmann will undoubtedly be remembered for associating his erotic themes with the colors of the American flag. But Wesselmann had considerable gifts as a draftsman, and the line was his principal preoccupation, first as a cartoonist and later as an ardent admirer of Matisse. That he also pioneered a method of turning drawings into laser-cut steel wall reliefs proved a revelation. He began to focus ever more on drawing for the sake of drawing, enchanted that the new medium could be lifted and held: “It really is like being able to pick up a delicate line drawing from the paper.”<br><br>The Steel Drawings caused both excitement and confusion in the art world. After acquiring one of the ground-breaking works in 1985, the Whitney Museum of American Art wrote Wesselmann wondering if it should be cataloged as a drawing or a sculpture. The work had caused such a stir that when Eric Fischl visited Wesselmann at his studio and saw steel-cut works for the first time, he remembered feeling jealous. He wanted to try it but dared not. It was clear: ‘Tom owned the technique completely.’<br><br>Wesselmann owed much of that technique to his year-long collaboration with metalwork fabricator Alfred Lippincott. Together, in 1984 they honed a method for cutting the steel with a laser that provided the precision he needed to show the spontaneity of his sketches. Wesselmann called it ‘the best year of my life’, elated at the results that he never fully achieved with aluminum that required each shape be hand-cut. “I anticipated how exciting it would be for me to get a drawing back in steel. I could hold it in my hands. I could pick it up by the lines…it was so exciting…a kind of near ecstasy, anyway, but there’s really been something about the new work that grabbed me.”<br><br>Bedroom Brunette with Irises is a Steel Drawing masterwork that despite its uber-generous scale, utilizes tight cropping to provide an unimposing intimacy while maintaining a free and spontaneous quality. The figure’s outstretched arms and limbs and body intertwine with the petals and the interior elements providing a flowing investigative foray of black lines and white ‘drop out’ shapes provided by the wall. It recalls Matisse and any number of his reclining odalisque paintings. Wesselmann often tested monochromatic values to discover the extent to which color would transform his hybrid objects into newly developed Steel Drawing works and, in this case, continued with a color steel-cut version of the composition Bedroom Blonde with Irises (1987) and later still, in 1993 with a large-scale drawing in charcoal and pastel on paper.

טום ווסלמן

דיוקן סילבי לאקומב של תיאו ואן רייסלברגה, שצויר בשנת 1906, הוא יצירת מופת קלאסית של אחד מציירי הדיוקנאות המעודנים והעקביים ביותר של זמנו. הצבע הרמוני, עבודת המכחול נמרצת ומותאמת למשימתה החומרית, גופה וארשת פניה אמיתיים וחושפניים. היושבת היא בתו של חברו הטוב, הצייר ז'ורז' לאקומב, שחלק קשר הדוק עם גוגן, והיה חבר בלה-נאביס עם האמנים בונאר, דניס ווילאר, בין היתר. כיום אנו יודעים על סילבי לאקומב משום שואן ריסלברג מיומנת כל כך בעיבוד הבעות פנים עדינות ובאמצעות התבוננות זהירה ותשומת לב לפרטים, סיפקה תובנות על עולמה הפנימי. הוא בחר במבט ישיר, עיניה אליך, ברית בלתי נמנעת בין הסובייקט לצופה, ללא קשר ליחסנו הפיזי לציור. ואן ריסלברג נטש במידה רבה את הטכניקה הפוינטיליסטית כשצייר דיוקן זה. אבל הוא המשיך ליישם את הקווים המנחים של תורת הצבעים על ידי שימוש בגוונים של אדום - ורוד וסגול - כנגד ירוקים כדי ליצור פלטת צבעים הרמונית ומשופרת של צבעים משלימים, שאליהם הוסיף מבטא חזק כדי למשוך את העין - קשת אדומה רוויה מאוד המונחת באופן א-סימטרי בצד ראשה.

תיאו ואן רייסלברג